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Retaining fertile soil on the land is indeed in the best interest of all New Zealanders. The protection of trees on hillsides is crucial to prevent severe erosion caused by rainstorms. Poplars and willows can be planted to reduce erosion and stabilise the pastoral hill country. These trees have multiple benefits, including increasing water storage, reducing sediment transfer, improving water quality, benefiting stock, and enhancing the farm environment
Exotic versus natives
Poplars and willows are exotic Northern Hemisphere species – so why choose to plant them instead of natives?
These two exotic species grow rapidly and can provide land and stream-side stability far more quickly than any native species can.
Even if you're keen on planting natives for erosion control, it's a good idea to consider inter-planting your natives with poplars or willows.
Poplars and willows will allow quick stabilisation as well as a cover crop for the natives. After the natives have established – which will take between seven and 10 years – the poplar or willows can be removed allowing the natives to take over the erosion-control function.
Why plant poplars and willows?
Poplars and willows:
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Have extensive root systems — the key to stabilising eroding soils;
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Are excellent shade trees for livestock in summer (they lose their leaves in winter, allowing light through to pastures);
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Can be grown easily from cuttings, known as stakes, wands or poles;
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In some varieties, are excellent for timber which can fetch good returns;
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Can be used as bioremediation — extracting harmful toxins from contaminated sites;
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Make excellent stock-fodder, which can be used as a ‘reserve' during droughts;
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If maintained correctly, are attractive, well-formed trees; and
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Are excellent for quickly accumulating carbon.
Willows are also important for bees, providing pollen and nectar in spring when other food is scarce.
